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An estimated 80% of Xinjiang's Uyghurs still live in the Tarim Basin. [28] The rest of Xinjiang's Uyghurs mostly live in Ürümqi, the capital city of Xinjiang, which is located in the historical region of Dzungaria. The largest community of Uyghurs living outside of Xinjiang are the Taoyuan Uyghurs of north-central Hunan's Taoyuan County. [29]
Modern Uyghurs developed ethnogenesis in 1955, when the PRC recognized formerly separately self-identified oasis peoples. [97] Southern Xinjiang is home to most of the Uyghur population, about nine million people, out of a total population of twenty million; fifty-five percent of Xinjiang's Han population, mainly urban, live in the north.
East Turkestan or East Turkistan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان, ULY: Sherqiy Türkistan, UKY: Шәрқий Туркистан), also called Uyghuristan (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇرىستان, UKY: Уйғуристан), is a loosely-defined geographical region in the northwestern part of the People's Republic of China, on the cross roads of East and Central Asia. [6]
The Turkic-speaking Yugurs are considered to be the descendants of a group of Old Uyghurs who fled from Mongolia southwards to Gansu after the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, where they established the prosperous Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (870-1036) with capital near present Zhangye at the base of the Qilian Mountains in the valley of the Ruo Shui.
As with other ethnic groups in the United States, Uyghur Americans also have several organizations. The most well-known organizations are: the Uyghur American Association, [5] a Washington D.C.–based advocacy organization which was established in 1998 by a group of Uyghur overseas activists to raise the public awareness of the Uyghur people
Up to one million Uyghurs are believed to have been detained in re-education camps, in what human rights advocates say is a state campaign to eradicate Uyghur identity and culture.
After the Uyghur Khaganate was brought to an end by the Kirghiz in 840, they submitted to the Tang and killed the Uyghur commissioners"" (in English) (1989) The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China., Oxford: Blackwell ISBN: 9781557863249. ""In 758, the Uyghurs Conquered Yenisei Kyrgyz.
As of 1999, 89.37% of the population of Kashgar (Kasi) Prefecture was Uyghur and 9.1% of the population was Han Chinese. [34] In 1997, the population of Kashgar Prefecture was 3,145,000 with Uyghurs making up 89.4% of the total. [20] As of 1983–4, Kashgar Prefecture had 6,180 mosques. In the mid-1980's, there were two million Uyghurs in ...