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Counterwill is a psychological term that means instinctive resistance to any sense of coercion.. The term was first used by Austrian psychoanalyst Otto Rank and has been popularized by developmental psychologist Gordon Neufeld. [1]
[15] [full citation needed] In therapy, the counterdependent personality often wishes to flee treatment, as a defense against the possibility of regression . [ 16 ] By keeping the therapist at arm's length, and avoiding reference to feelings as far as possible, they may attempt to control the therapist so as to preserve their sense of independence.
Adolescents, fearing sex play, may jump over to a kind of spurious full sexuality; [8] adults may overvalue sex to cover an unconscious fear of the harm it may do. [9] Such a counterphobic approach may indeed be socially celebrated [ 10 ] in a postmodern vision of sex as gymnastic performance or hygiene, [ 11 ] fuelled by what Ken Wilber ...
In psychoanalysis, resistance is the individual's efforts to prevent repressed drives, feelings or thoughts from being integrated into conscious awareness. [1]Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic theory, developed the concept of resistance as he worked with patients who suddenly developed uncooperative behaviors during the analytic session.
Most cited definition of the backlash effect by Rudman in 1998 [8] is where violation of stereotypes may potentially lead to social or economic consequences. Although these counterstereotypical people may be perceived as unique, the backlash effect and its consequences often limit their success, and can lead to a reinforcement of stereotypes.
The psychologist Michael Argyle conducted the first study of the concept of anticonformity. [5] In his 1957 study, Argyle recruited male students and placed them in two-person groups (with one member being a confederate), then asked the pairs to judge and rate a painting on a 6-point Likert scale.
People desire to think of themselves as beings of value and worth with a feeling of permanence, a concept in psychology known as self-esteem. This feeling counters the cognitive dissonance created by an individual's realization that they may be no more important than any other living thing. Becker refers to high self-esteem as heroism:
"Behavioral sink" is a term invented by ethologist John B. Calhoun to describe a collapse in behavior that can result from overpopulation.The term and concept derive from a series of over-population experiments Calhoun conducted on Norway rats between 1958 and 1962. [1]