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Here, the construct : re(0), im(0) is the initializer list. Sometimes the term "initializer list" is also used to refer to the list of expressions in the array or struct initializer. C++11 provides for a more powerful concept of initializer lists , by means of a template, called std::initializer_list .
Perl 5.6.1 and newer support autovivification of file and directory handles. [3] Calling open() on an undefined variable will set it to a filehandle. According to perl561delta, "[t]his largely eliminates the need for typeglobs when opening filehandles that must be passed around, as in the following example:
The declaration var A: MyTable then defines a variable A of that type, which is an aggregate of eight elements, each being an integer variable identified by two indices. In the Pascal program, those elements are denoted A[1,1], A[1,2], A[2,1], …, A[4,2]. [3] Special array types are often defined by the language's standard libraries.
The number of indices needed to specify an element is called the dimension, dimensionality, or rank of the array. In standard arrays, each index is restricted to a certain range of consecutive integers (or consecutive values of some enumerated type ), and the address of an element is computed by a "linear" formula on the indices.
record Entry { integer next; // index of next entry in array integer prev; // previous entry (if double-linked) string name; real balance; } A linked list can be built by creating an array of these structures, and an integer variable to store the index of the first element.
array + 1 means 0x1004: the "+ 1" means to add the size of 1 int, which is 4 bytes; *array means to dereference the contents of array. Considering the contents as a memory address (0x1000), look up the value at that location (0x0002); array[i] means element number i, 0-based, of array which is translated into *(array + i).
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var x1 = 0; // A global variable, because it is not in any function let x2 = 0; // Also global, this time because it is not in any block function f {var z = 'foxes', r = 'birds'; // 2 local variables m = 'fish'; // global, because it wasn't declared anywhere before function child {var r = 'monkeys'; // This variable is local and does not affect the "birds" r of the parent function. z ...