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  2. Generative pre-trained transformer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_pre-trained...

    Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.

  3. GPT-1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPT-1

    BookCorpus was chosen as a training dataset partly because the long passages of continuous text helped the model learn to handle long-range information. [6] It contained over 7,000 unpublished fiction books from various genres.

  4. T5 (language model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_(language_model)

    [1] [2] Like the original Transformer model, [3] T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers, where the encoder processes the input text, and the decoder generates the output text. T5 models are usually pretrained on a massive dataset of text and code, after which they can perform the text-based tasks that are similar to their pretrained tasks.

  5. BERT (language model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model)

    BERT is meant as a general pretrained model for various applications in natural language processing. That is, after pre-training, BERT can be fine-tuned with fewer resources on smaller datasets to optimize its performance on specific tasks such as natural language inference and text classification , and sequence-to-sequence-based language ...

  6. Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrastive_Language-Image...

    The naming convention for these models often reflects the specific ViT architecture used. For instance, "ViT-L/14" means a "vision transformer large" (compared to other models in the same series) with a patch size of 14, meaning that the image is divided into 14-by-14 pixel patches before being processed by the transformer.

  7. Fine-tuning (deep learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)

    In deep learning, fine-tuning is an approach to transfer learning in which the parameters of a pre-trained neural network model are trained on new data. [1] Fine-tuning can be done on the entire neural network, or on only a subset of its layers, in which case the layers that are not being fine-tuned are "frozen" (i.e., not changed during backpropagation). [2]

  8. Foundation model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_model

    A foundation model, also known as large X model (LxM), is a machine learning or deep learning model that is trained on vast datasets so it can be applied across a wide range of use cases. [1] Generative AI applications like Large Language Models are often examples of foundation models.

  9. Language model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_model

    A language model is a probabilistic model of a natural language. [1] In 1980, the first significant statistical language model was proposed, and during the decade IBM performed ‘Shannon-style’ experiments, in which potential sources for language modeling improvement were identified by observing and analyzing the performance of human subjects in predicting or correcting text.