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Figure 1. Probabilistic parameters of a hidden Markov model (example) X — states y — possible observations a — state transition probabilities b — output probabilities. In its discrete form, a hidden Markov process can be visualized as a generalization of the urn problem with replacement (where each item from the urn is returned to the original urn before the next step). [7]
The layered hidden Markov model (LHMM) is a statistical model derived from the hidden Markov model (HMM). A layered hidden Markov model (LHMM) consists of N levels of HMMs, where the HMMs on level i + 1 correspond to observation symbols or probability generators at level i. Every level i of the LHMM consists of K i HMMs running in parallel. [1]
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Help. Pages in category "Hidden Markov models" The following 8 pages are in this category, out ...
In electrical engineering, statistical computing and bioinformatics, the Baum–Welch algorithm is a special case of the expectation–maximization algorithm used to find the unknown parameters of a hidden Markov model (HMM). It makes use of the forward-backward algorithm to compute the statistics for the expectation step. The Baum–Welch ...
Hankel matrices are formed when, given a sequence of output data, a realization of an underlying state-space or hidden Markov model is desired. [3] The singular value decomposition of the Hankel matrix provides a means of computing the A , B , and C matrices which define the state-space realization. [ 4 ]
For example, a series of simple observations, such as a person's location in a room, can be interpreted to determine more complex information, such as in what task or activity the person is performing. Two kinds of Hierarchical Markov Models are the Hierarchical hidden Markov model [2] and the Abstract Hidden Markov Model. [3]
The hierarchical hidden Markov model (HHMM) is a statistical model derived from the hidden Markov model (HMM). In an HHMM, each state is considered to be a self-contained probabilistic model. More precisely, each state of the HHMM is itself an HHMM. HHMMs and HMMs are useful in many fields, including pattern recognition. [1] [2]
The forward algorithm, in the context of a hidden Markov model (HMM), is used to calculate a 'belief state': the probability of a state at a certain time, given the history of evidence. The process is also known as filtering. The forward algorithm is closely related to, but distinct from, the Viterbi algorithm.