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  2. Large language model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model

    An example of such a task is responding to the user's input '354 * 139 = ', provided that the LLM has not already encountered a continuation of this calculation in its training corpus. [ dubious – discuss ] In such cases, the LLM needs to resort to running program code that calculates the result, which can then be included in its response.

  3. Timeline of machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_machine_learning

    This page is a timeline of machine learning. Major discoveries, achievements, milestones and other major events in machine learning are included. Overview.

  4. Generative pre-trained transformer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_pre-trained...

    That development led to the emergence of large language models such as BERT (2018) [28] which was a pre-trained transformer (PT) but not designed to be generative (BERT was an "encoder-only" model). Also in 2018, OpenAI published Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training , which introduced GPT-1 , the first in its GPT series.

  5. List of large language models - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_large_language_models

    A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.

  6. Transformer (deep learning architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning...

    For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...

  7. Language model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_model

    A language model is a probabilistic model of a natural language. [1] In 1980, the first significant statistical language model was proposed, and during the decade IBM performed ‘Shannon-style’ experiments, in which potential sources for language modeling improvement were identified by observing and analyzing the performance of human subjects in predicting or correcting text.

  8. BERT (language model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model)

    It is notable for its dramatic improvement over previous state-of-the-art models, and as an early example of a large language model. As of 2020, BERT is a ubiquitous baseline in natural language processing (NLP) experiments. [3] BERT is trained by masked token prediction and next sentence prediction.

  9. Gemini (language model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(language_model)

    Gemini's launch was preluded by months of intense speculation and anticipation, which MIT Technology Review described as "peak AI hype". [49] [20] In August 2023, Dylan Patel and Daniel Nishball of research firm SemiAnalysis penned a blog post declaring that the release of Gemini would "eat the world" and outclass GPT-4, prompting OpenAI CEO Sam Altman to ridicule the duo on X (formerly Twitter).