Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Soman (or GD, EA 1210, Zoman, PFMP, A-255, systematic name: O-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) [1] is an extremely toxic chemical substance. It is a nerve agent , interfering with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase .
The high toxicity of the substance (as well as the high toxicity of its precursors, diethylamidophosphoric dichloride and dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride) wasn't noticed at the time, [citation needed] most likely due to the low yield of the synthetic reactions used.
The starting compound studied by the United States was the carbamate EA-1464, of notorious toxicity. [34] Compounds similar in structure and effect to EA-1464 formed a large group, including compounds such as EA-3990 and EA-4056. [34] The Family Practice Notebook claims carbamate-based nerve agents can be three times as toxic as VX. [35]
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. [1] It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant – alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a ...
However, compared with other highly toxic nerve agents like soman or sarin, VX undergoes relatively slow "aging". Aging is a time-dependent side reaction (loss of an alkoxyl group) that occurs on nerve agents after phosphorylation and renders the nerve agent-acetylcholinesterase complex highly resistant to regeneration by any known antidote.
Ammonia toxicity is often seen through two routes of administration, either through consumption or through endogenous ailments such as liver failure. [89] [90] One notable case in which ammonia toxicity is common is in response to cirrhosis of the liver which results in hepatic encephalopathy, and can result in cerebral edema (Haussinger 2006 ...
Increasing the dose of galantamine from 5 to 8 mg/kg decreased the dose of atropine needed to protect experimental animals from the toxicity of soman in dosages 1.5 times the LD50 (lethal dose in half the animals studied). [38] There have been differing claims about the persistence of Novichok and binary precursors in the environment.
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).