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This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia. For broader coverage of this topic, see Boiling point . Boiling points, Master List format
Hydrogen, like the alkali metals, has one valence electron [122] and reacts easily with the halogens, [122] but the similarities mostly end there because of the small size of a bare proton H + compared to the alkali metal cations. [122] Its placement above lithium is primarily due to its electron configuration. [157]
The melting (98 °C) and boiling (883 °C) points of sodium are lower than those of lithium but higher than those of the heavier alkali metals potassium, rubidium, and caesium, following periodic trends down the group. [12]
For a metal, zinc has relatively low melting (419.5 °C, 787.1 °F) and boiling points (907 °C, 1,665 °F). [8] Cadmium is similar in many respects to zinc but forms complex compounds. [ 16 ] Unlike other metals, cadmium is resistant to corrosion and as a result it is used as a protective layer when deposited on other metals.
Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements Estimated accuracy for T c and P c is indicated by the number of digits.
The temperature at standard pressure should be equal to the normal boiling point, but due to the considerable spread does not necessarily have to match values reported elsewhere. log refers to log base 10 (T/K) refers to temperature in Kelvin (K) (P/Pa) refers to pressure in Pascal (Pa)
Rubidium is the second most electropositive of the stable alkali metals and has a very low first ionization energy of only 403 kJ/mol. [12] It has an electron configuration of [Kr]5s 1 and is photosensitive.
Magnesium has the lowest melting (923 K (650 °C)) and the lowest boiling point (1,363 K (1,090 °C)) of all the alkaline earth metals. [16] Pure polycrystalline magnesium is brittle and easily fractures along shear bands. It becomes much more malleable when alloyed with small amounts of other metals, such as 1% aluminium. [17]