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  2. Earthworks (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)

    Excavation may be classified by type of material: [1]: 13.1 Topsoil excavation; Earth excavation; Rock excavation; Muck excavation – this usually contains excess water and unsuitable soil; Unclassified excavation – this is any combination of material types; Excavation may be classified by the purpose: [1]: 13.1, 13.2

  3. Digging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digging

    An excavation lake (also a flooded gravel pit) is an artificial lake, which usually has its origins in the excavation of gravel or sand for construction materials or in some other kind of surface mining. In many cases, the excavation holes are landscaped according to the land restoration required by law.

  4. Excavator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excavator

    Excavators are heavy construction equipment primarily consisting of a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket, and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house". [ 1 ] The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels , being an evolution of the steam shovel (which itself evolved into the power shovel when steam was ...

  5. Trench - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench

    A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a swale or a bar ditch), and narrow compared with its length (as opposed to a simple hole or pit). [1] In geology, trenches result from erosion by rivers or by geological movement of tectonic plates.

  6. Crawler excavator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawler_excavator

    A crawler excavator, also known as a track-type excavator or tracked excavator, is a type of heavy construction equipment primarily used for excavation and earthmoving tasks. It is characterized by its tracked undercarriage, which provides superior mobility and traction compared to wheeled excavators, especially in soft, uneven, or unstable ...

  7. Construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction

    Construction along Ontario Highway 401, widening the road from six to twelve travel lanes. A construction project is a complex net of construction contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, and provides structures to ...

  8. Glossary of archaeology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology

    In single context excavation, a well-defined stratigraphic unit relating to a single depositional event, used as the primary unit for recording and analysis. culture An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society.

  9. Compact excavator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_excavator

    Hydraulic excavators are somewhat different from other construction equipment in that all movement and functions of the machine are accomplished through the transfer of hydraulic fluid. The compact excavator's work group and blade are activated by hydraulic fluid acting upon hydraulic cylinders. The excavator's slew (rotation) and travel ...