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The gender pay gap refers to the median annual pay of all woman who work full-time and year-round, thus compared to the pay of a similar background of men. [77] There is not one reason behind this gender pay gap, rather the pay gap is a result of many factors that cannot be apparent to the general public.
Oscar-winning American actress Jennifer Lawrence has also brought international attention to the gender pay gap with an essay in fellow pay gap advocate Lena Dunham's Lenny Letter. In her essay, she addresses the fact that she was paid less than her American Hustle co-stars, which was made public by the Sony hacking scandal .
Gender research has heavily focused on the interaction between gender and the economy. Typically, research in this area involves the issue of the gender pay gap.Another aspect of gender research in economics is the less studied issue of gender-based price disparities in the cost of goods and services across different industries.
Gender inequality weakens women in many areas such as health, education, and business life. [1] Studies show the different experiences of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy, personality, interests, family life, careers, and political affiliation. Gender inequality is experienced differently across different cultures.
For example, they highlight research that suggests male students "gender" good academic performance. [12] While studies have demonstrated the disparities between male and female students in STEM, a study by the American Association of University Women shows the unequal distribution of male students in subjects like English and the Arts. [13]
The gender gap in mathematics is particularly large among the highest-achieving students; for example, there is a 2.1 to 1 male-female ratio among students who score an 800 on the math portion of the SAT. [21] At least one study has challenged the existence of the gender gap in mathematics.
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[1] [2] Additionally, this disparity has led to careers in Education, History, English, Humanities and the like to be seen as "feminine" careers and areas of study. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Some Feminist theorists suggest that these social and historical factors have perpetuated women's low participation rates in engineering over time. [ 2 ]