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In chronic bacterial prostatitis, there are bacteria in the prostate, but there may be no symptoms or milder symptoms than occur with acute prostatitis. [9] The prostate infection is diagnosed by culturing urine as well as prostate fluid (expressed prostatic secretions or EPS) which are obtained by the doctor performing a rectal exam and putting pressure on the prostate.
Prostatitis is an umbrella term for a variety of medical conditions that incorporate bacterial and non-bacterial origin illnesses in the pelvic region. In contrast with the plain meaning of the word (which means "inflammation of the prostate"), the diagnosis may not always include inflammation .
The most common cause of infection is Escherichia coli, though other bacteria or fungi may sometimes be the cause. [2] Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual intercourse, diabetes, obesity, catheterisation, and family history. [2] Although sexual intercourse is a risk factor, UTIs are not classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs ...
Since bacteria causing the prostatitis is easily recoverable from the urine, prostate massage is not required to make the diagnosis. Rectal palpation usually reveals an enlarged, exquisitely tender, swollen prostate gland, which is firm, warm, and, occasionally, irregular to the touch. C-reactive protein is elevated in most cases. [4]
Prostatic congestion is commonly observed in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 years. It can however occur at any age. [2] Chronic prostatitis is one of the main causes of this condition and this occurs when there is accumulation of fluid that can lead to swelling of the prostate that can therefore lead to congestion. [3]
Causes: Bacteria that spread from the vagina and cervix [5] Risk factors: Gonorrhea, chlamydia [2] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms, ultrasound, laparoscopic surgery [2] Prevention: Not having sex, having few sexual partners, using condoms [6] Treatment: Antibiotics [7] Frequency: 1.5 percent of young women yearly [8]
Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms such as bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, and cancer. [2] [5] Recommended treatments include multimodal therapy, physiotherapy, and a trial of alpha blocker medication or antibiotics in certain newly diagnosed cases. [6]
Infection or inflammation is considered the most common cause of the condition. Implicated pathogens include; Gram-negative bacteria (often E. coli), gonococci, T. pallidum, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, echinococcus (rarely), HSV type 1 or 2, and HPV.