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Oneida Community practices included Communalism, Complex Marriage, Male Continence, Mutual Criticism and Ascending Fellowship. Icarians: Louisiana, Texas, Nauvoo, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, California Étienne Cabet: 1848 1898 Egalitarian communities based on the French utopian movement founded by Cabet, after his followers emigrated to the US ...
Owenism aimed for radical reform of society and is considered a forerunner of the cooperative movement. [1] The Owenite movement undertook several experiments in the establishment of utopian communities organized according to communitarian and cooperative principles. [ 1 ]
Owen's Utopian communities attracted a mix of people, many with the highest aims. They included vagrants, adventurers and other reform-minded enthusiasts. In the words of Owen's son David Dale Owen, they attracted "a heterogeneous collection of Radicals", "enthusiastic devotees to principle", and "honest latitudinarians , and lazy theorists ...
It began with utopian communities in the early 19th century such as the Shakers, the activist visionary Josiah Warren and intentional communities inspired by Charles Fourier. Labor activists, usually Jewish, German, or Finnish immigrants, founded the Socialist Labor Party of America in 1877. The Socialist Party of America was established in ...
Utopian socialist pamphlet of Swiss social medical doctor Rudolf Sutermeister (1802–1868) Edward Bellamy (1850–1898) published Looking Backward in 1888, a utopian romance novel about a future socialist society. In Bellamy's utopia, property was held in common and money replaced with a system of equal credit for all.
The Fourierist movement followed an earlier attempt to remake society through exemplary socialist communities attempted on American soil by Robert Owen from 1825 until 1827. John Humphrey Noyes , a historian of these movements in addition to being a communal leader in his own right, noted the difference in the following way:
The Perfectionist movement, led by John Humphrey Noyes, founded the utopian Oneida Community in 1848 with fifty-one devotees, in Oneida, New York. Noyes believed that the act of final conversion led to absolute and complete release from sin.
The Oneida Community practiced communalism (in the sense of communal property and possessions), group marriage, male sexual continence, Oneida stirpiculture (a form of eugenics), and mutual criticism. The community's original 87 members grew to 172 by February 1850, 208 by 1852, and 306 by 1878.