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Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition consisting of a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or 2 or more seizures within a 5-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. [3][1] Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. [2] The seizures can be of the tonic–clonic type, with a ...
An epilepsy syndrome is defined as "a characteristic cluster of clinical and Electroencephalography (EEG) features, often supported by specific etiological findings (structural, genetic, metabolic, immune, and infectious)." [1] Syndromes are characterized by seizure types and specific findings on EEGs. Epilepsy syndromes often begin, and may ...
Postictal state. The postictal state is the altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure. It usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but sometimes longer in the case of larger or more severe seizures, and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, nausea, hypertension, headache or migraine, and other disorienting symptoms.
EEG can detect abnormal electrical discharges such as sharp waves, spikes, or spike-and-wave complexes, as observable in people with epilepsy; thus, it is often used to inform medical diagnosis. EEG can detect the onset and spatio-temporal (location and time) evolution of seizures and the presence of status epilepticus.
Treatment can be short and drugs can almost certainly be discontinued after two years without seizures and with normal EEG findings, perhaps even earlier. [4] Parental education about Rolandic epilepsy is the cornerstone of correct management. The traumatizing, sometimes long-lasting effect on parents is significant. [28]
[2] [5] It is a type of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). [5] The seizures are often resistant to treatment. [2] High doses of benzodiazepines or barbiturates are often used, with care taking place in the intensive care unit. [2] A ketogenic diet may help in some cases. [1] The medications anakinra or tocilizumab have been tried. [2]
Epileptogenesis. Epileptogenesis is the gradual process by which a typical brain develops epilepsy. [1] Epilepsy is a chronic condition in which seizures occur. [2] These changes to the brain occasionally cause neurons to fire in an abnormal, hypersynchronous manner, known as a seizure. [3]
Long-term or "continuous" video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is a diagnostic technique commonly used in patients with epilepsy. It involves the long-term hospitalization of the patient, typically for days or weeks, during which brain waves are recorded via EEG and physical actions are continuously monitored by video.