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Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium ( Na +
The density of limestone depends on its porosity, which varies from 0.1% for the densest limestone to 40% for chalk. The density correspondingly ranges from 1.5 to 2.7 g/cm 3. Although relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of 2 to 4, dense limestone can have a crushing strength of up to 180 MPa. [13]
The internal structure of Earth. Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core.It has a mass of 4.01 × 10 24 kg (8.84 × 10 24 lb) and makes up 67% of the mass of Earth. [1]
Objects in the water column can include structures from shipwrecks, dense biology, and bubble plumes. The importance of objects in the water column to marine geology is identifying specific features as bubble plumes can indicate the presence of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. [13] There are limitations to this technique.
As the lavas cool they are, in most instances, modified chemically by seawater. [5] These eruptions occur mostly at mid-ocean ridges, but also at scattered hotspots, and also in rare but powerful occurrences known as flood basalt eruptions. But most magma crystallises at depth, within the lower oceanic crust. There, newly intruded magma can mix ...
The thin parts are the oceanic crust, which underlies the ocean basins (5–10 km) and is mafic-rich [9] (dense iron-magnesium silicate mineral or igneous rock). [10] The thicker crust is the continental crust, which is less dense [11] and is felsic-rich (igneous rocks rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz). [12]
Seawater percolates into oceanic ... but in the mantle the rock is stirred by ... phase Egg (AlSiO 3 (OH), 11–18 wt%) and a collection of dense hydrous ...
Mid-ocean ridge cross-section (cut-away view) A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics.It typically has a depth of about 2,600 meters (8,500 ft) and rises about 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) above the deepest portion of an ocean basin.