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In economics, the Metzler paradox (named after the American economist Lloyd Metzler) is the theoretical possibility that the imposition of a tariff on imports may reduce the relative internal price of that good. [1] It was proposed by Lloyd Metzler in 1949 upon examination of tariffs within the Heckscher–Ohlin model. [2]
In economics, a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) (also called a tariff quota) is a two-tiered tariff system that combines import quotas and tariffs to regulate import products. A TRQ allows a lower tariff rate on imports of a given product within a specified quantity and requires a higher tariff rate on imports exceeding that quantity. [ 1 ]
An example of real GDP (y) plotted against time (x).Often time is denoted as t instead of x. The IS curve moves to the right if spending plans at any potential interest rate go up, causing the new equilibrium to have higher interest rates (i) and expansion in the "real" economy (real GDP, or Y).
A tariff is called an optimal tariff if it is set to maximise the welfare of the country imposing the tariff. [73] It is a tariff derived by the intersection between the trade indifference curve of that country and the offer curve of another country.
The level of customs duties is a direct indicator of the openness of an economy to world trade. However, there may also be import barriers that are not based on the levy of duties. The following table shows the tariff rate, in percentages, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) , [ 1 ] World Trade Organization ...
In economics, the effective rate of protection (ERP) is a measure of the total effect of the entire tariff structure on the value added per unit of output in each industry, when both intermediate and final goods are imported.
In economics, gains from trade are the net benefits to economic agents from being allowed an increase in voluntary trading with each other. In technical terms, they are the increase of consumer surplus [ 1 ] plus producer surplus [ 2 ] from lower tariffs [ 3 ] or otherwise liberalizing trade .
We now look at our Offer curve and draw a ray at the level 5 Y for 7 X. When full specialization occurs, K then produces at point A, trades and then consumes at point T. The price has reduced to 1 Y for 1 X, and the economy is now at equilibrium. The trade is balanced at the equilibrium.