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For example, in the IS-LM graph shown here, the IS curve shows the amount of the dependent variable spending (Y) as a function of the independent variable the interest rate (i), while the LM curve shows the value of the dependent variable, the interest rate, that equilibrates the money market as a function of the independent variable income ...
A curve may have equivalent parametrizations when there is a continuous increasing monotonic function relating the parameter of one curve to the parameter of the other. When there is a decreasing continuous function relating the parameters, then the parametric representations are opposite and the orientation of the curve is reversed. [1] [2]
This happens in the linear case if the supply and demand curves have exactly the same slope (in absolute value). If the supply curve is less steep than the demand curve near the point where the two curves cross, but more steep when we move sufficiently far away, then prices and quantities will spiral away from the equilibrium price but will not ...
Demand curve are, however, considered to be generally convex in accordance with diminishing marginal utility. [9] Theoretically, the Demand curve is equivalent to the Price-offer curve and can be derived by charting the points of tangency between Budget Lines and indifference curves for all possible prices of the good in question. [10]
In this example of a traditional IS–LM chart, the IS curve moves to the right, causing higher interest rates (i) and expansion in the "real" economy (real GDP, or Y). The IS–LM model, invented by John Hicks in 1936, gives the underpinnings of aggregate demand (itself discussed below). It answers the question "At any given price level, what ...
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In economics, the "J curve" is the time path of a country’s trade balance following a devaluation or depreciation of its currency, under a certain set of assumptions. A devalued currency means imports are more expensive, and on the assumption that the volumes of imports and exports change little at first, this causes a fall in the current ...
The AD curve will have a positive, vertical intercept as long as there is some aggregated demand—from consumer spending, investment, net exports, or government spending—even if there is no national output. [5] The slope of the AD curve is steeper given a high multiplier value. [6]