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Zeno's philosophy shows a contrast between what one knows logically and what one observes with the senses with the goal of proving that the world is an illusion; this practice was later adopted by the modern philosophic schools of thought, empiricism and post-structuralism.
Zeno devised these paradoxes to support his teacher Parmenides's philosophy of monism, which posits that despite our sensory experiences, reality is singular and unchanging. The paradoxes famously challenge the notions of plurality (the existence of many things), motion, space, and time by suggesting they lead to logical contradictions .
Zeno said that there were four stages in the process leading to true knowledge, which he illustrated with the example of the flat, extended hand, and the gradual closing of the fist: Zeno stretched out his fingers, and showed the palm of his hand, – "Perception," – he said, – "is a thing like this."–
Patricia Curd states that the chronology of pre-Socratic philosophers is one of the most contentious issues of pre-Socratic philosophy. [1] Many of the historical details mentioned by Plato, Diogenes Laertius, or Apollodorus are generally considered by modern scholarship to be of little value, [1] and there are generally few exact dates that can be verified, so most estimates of dates and ...
Zeno was born in the city of Sidon.He was a contemporary of Cicero, who heard him when at Athens. [3] [4]He was sometimes termed the "leading Epicurean." (Latin: Coryphaeus Epicureorum) [3] Cicero states that Zeno was contemptuous of other philosophers, and even called Socrates "the Attic Buffoon (scurram Atticum)."
Zeno divided philosophy into three parts: Logic (which was a very wide subject including rhetoric, grammar, and the theories of perception and thought); Physics (including not just science, but the divine nature of the universe as well); and Ethics, the end goal of which was to achieve happiness through the right way of living according to Nature.
Zeno of Elea (c. 490 – c. 430 BCE), philosopher, follower of Parmenides, known for his paradoxes; Zeno of Citium (333 – 264 BCE), founder of the Stoic school of philosophy; Zeno of Tarsus (3rd century BCE), Stoic philosopher; Zeno of Sidon (1st century BCE), Epicurean philosopher; Zeno of Rhodes (not later than 220 BCE), historian and ...
He was the teacher of Zeno of Citium in the last years of the century, [17] and was undoubtedly the biggest influence on Zeno in his development of Stoic philosophy. Zeno always regarded Crates with the greatest respect, and some of the accounts we have of Crates have probably come down to us via Zeno's writings. [18]