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But a few surprising examples of mathematical abstraction notwithstanding (for example, chimpanzees can be trained to carry out symbolic addition with digits, or the report of a parrot understanding a "zero-like concept"), all examples of animal intelligence with respect to mathematics are limited to basic counting abilities. He adds, "non ...
The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model using Friedmann equations is commonly used to model the universe. The FLRW model provides a curvature of the universe based on the mathematics of fluid dynamics, that is, modeling the matter within the universe as a perfect fluid. Although stars and structures of mass can be introduced ...
For example, w = 0 describes a matter-dominated universe, where the pressure is negligible with respect to the mass density. From the generic solution one easily sees that in a matter-dominated universe the scale factor goes as a ( t ) ∝ t 2 / 3 {\displaystyle a(t)\propto t^{2/3}} matter-dominated Another important example is the case of a ...
It is possible to give a precise meaning to the claim that SN is the universe of ordinary mathematics; it is a model of Zermelo set theory, the axiomatic set theory originally developed by Ernst Zermelo in 1908. Zermelo set theory was successful precisely because it was capable of axiomatising "ordinary" mathematics, fulfilling the programme ...
The great majority of ordinary matter in the universe is unseen, since visible stars and gas inside galaxies and clusters account for less than 10 % of the ordinary matter contribution to the mass–energy density of the universe. [13] The model includes a single originating event, the "Big Bang", which was not an explosion but the abrupt ...
The Tychonic system (or Tychonian system) is a model of the universe published by Tycho Brahe in 1588, [1] which combines what he saw as the mathematical benefits of the Copernican system with the philosophical and "physical" benefits of the Ptolemaic system.
The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. [1] The notion of an expanding universe was first scientifically originated by physicist Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with the mathematical derivation of the Friedmann equations.
Here is an example of derivation of the BGV theorem for an expanding homogeneous isotropic flat universe (in units of speed of light c=1). [6] Which is consistent with ΛCDM model, the current model of cosmology. However, this derivation can be generalized to an arbitrary space-time with no appeal to homogeneity or isotropy.