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The African Resistance Movement (ARM) was a militant anti-apartheid resistance movement, which operated in South Africa during the early and mid-1960s. It was founded in 1960, as the National Committee of Liberation (NCL), by members of South Africa's Liberal Party, which advocated the dismantling of apartheid and gradually transforming South Africa into a free multiracial society.
Ruth Wilson Gilmore (born April 2, 1950) is a prison abolitionist and prison scholar. [3] She is the Director of the Center for Place, Culture, and Politics and professor of geography in Earth and Environmental Sciences at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. [4]
The swamp became a particularly more enticing in times of great upheaval like the American Revolution, reflected by the increase in refugees. [4] Today the swamp is seen as a place of resistance, [46] where enslaved people could share in their cultural, agricultural and artisan knowledge, make their own economy and have their own freedom. [4
Afro-pessimism is a critical framework that describes the ongoing effects of racism, colonialism, and historical processes of enslavement in the United States, including the transatlantic slave trade and their impact on structural conditions as well as the personal, subjective, and lived experience and embodied reality of African Americans; it is particularly applicable to U.S. contexts.
The Black radical tradition [1] is a philosophical tradition and political ideology with roots in 20th century North America.It is a "collection of cultural, intellectual, action-oriented labor aimed at disrupting social, political, economic, and cultural norms originating in anti-colonial and antislavery efforts."
Using the term "resistance" to designate a movement meeting the definition prior to World War II might be considered by some to be an anachronism. However, such movements existed prior to World War II (albeit often called by different names), and there have been many after it – for example in struggles against colonialism and foreign military ...
Most African American units were relegated to support roles and did not see combat. Still, African Americans played a significant role in America's war effort. Four African American regiments were integrated into French units because the French suffered heavy losses and badly needed men after three years of a terrible war.
The black power movement declined by the mid-1970s and 1980s, though some elements continued in organizations such as the Black Radical Congress, founded in 1998, and the Black Lives Matter movement, which since 2013 has campaigned against racism and has organized demonstrations when African Americans have been killed by law enforcement officers.