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Burrs on a tree trunk in Norfolk, England. A burl (American English) or burr (British English) is a tree growth in which the grain has grown in a deformed manner. It is commonly found in the form of a rounded outgrowth on a tree trunk or branch that is filled with small knots from dormant buds. Burl formation is typically a result of some form ...
Human horticultural practices that exploit epicormic growth rely on plants that have epicormic budding capabilities for regenerative function in response to crown damage, such as through wind or fire. [1] Epicormic shoots are the means by which trees regrow after coppicing or pollarding, where the tree's trunk or branches are cut back on a ...
Some trees may be rejuvenated by pollarding – for example, Bradford pear (Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford'), a flowering species that becomes brittle and top-heavy when older. [citation needed] Oaks, when very old, can form new trunks from the growth of pollard branches; that is, surviving branches which have split away from the main branch naturally.
Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in a tree. As well as dating them, this can give data for dendroclimatology , the study of climate and atmospheric conditions during different periods in history from the wood of old trees.
New growth emerges, and after a number of years, the coppiced trees are harvested, and the cycle begins anew. Pollarding is a similar process carried out at a higher level on the tree in order to prevent grazing animals from eating new shoots. [1] Daisugi (台杉, where sugi refers to Japanese cedar), is a similar Japanese technique. [2] [3]
Topping: Topping is a very severe form of pruning which involves removing all branches and growths down to a few large branches or to the trunk of the tree. When performed correctly it is used on very young trees, and can be used to begin training younger trees for pollarding or for trellising to form an espalier .
A branch collar on a common oak (Quercus robur L.). Tree branches are attached to the trunk with a series of trunk collars that annually envelope the branch collar. [1] The branch tissues develop a basal collar first in spring, then trunk tissue envelops the collar later during seasons of growth. [1]
Tree roots ordinarily grow outward from their trunks a distance of 1.5 to 2 times their heights, and therefore root sprouts can emerge a substantial distance from the trunk. [ citation needed ] This is a phenomenon of natural " asexual reproduction ", also denominated " vegetative reproduction ".