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HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. But contrary to other members of the ERBB family, HER2 does not directly bind ligand. HER2 activation results from heterodimerization with another ERBB member or by homodimerization when HER2 concentration are high, for instance in cancer. [8]
These downstream signaling proteins initiate several signal transduction cascades, principally the MAPK, Akt and JNK pathways, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. [12] Such proteins modulate phenotypes such as cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Activation of the receptor is important for the innate immune response in ...
The Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway is a major signalling route for the ErbB family, as is the PI3-K/AKT pathway, both of which lead to increased cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. [ 25 ] Genetic Ras mutations are infrequent in breast cancer but Ras may be pathologically activated in breast cancer by overexpression of ErbB receptors. [ 26 ]
The main approach in overcoming endocrine resistance in those breast cancers that are both ER+ and HER2+ is by using a combination of endocrine and HER2-targeting agents. [22] In trials conducted with a combination of anti-HER2 agents and an aromatase inhibitor, significant clinical benefit and improved progression-free survival have been observed.
Genentech's Kadcyla Helped People With Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Live Longer Without Their Disease Worsening in New Phase III Study Phase III TH3RESA study results will be presented ...
FDA Grants Genentech's Perjeta Accelerated Approval for Use Before Surgery in People With HER2-Positive Early Stage Breast Cancer The Perjeta regimen is the first treatment approved under a new ...
The human ERBB3 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12 (12q13). It is encoded by 23,651 base pairs and translates into 1342 amino acids. [5]During human development, ERBB3 is expressed in skin, bone, muscle, nervous system, heart, lungs, and intestinal epithelium. [6]
18706 Ensembl ENSG00000121879 ENSMUSG00000027665 UniProt P42336 P42337 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006218 NM_008839 RefSeq (protein) NP_006209 NP_032865 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 179.15 – 179.24 Mb Chr 3: 32.45 – 32.52 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (the HUGO -approved official symbol = PIK3CA ; HGNC ...