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Galls (upper left and right) formed on acorns on the branch of a pedunculate (or English) oak tree by the parthenogenetic generation Andricus quercuscalicis.. The large 2 cm gall growth appears as a mass of green to yellowish-green, ridged, and at first sticky plant tissue on the bud of the oak, that breaks out as the gall between the cup and the acorn.
Disholcaspis quercusmamma, the oak rough bulletgall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. [1] The quercus in its name is the genus name for oak , while "mamma" is Latin for "breast", presumably a reference to the "nipple" on the gall .
Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. [1] They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps. [2] It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936 [3] to 1000 [2] recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. [2] The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic. [3]
Cystotheca lanestris, the live oak witch's broom fungus, is a species of mildew that infects buds and induces stem galls called witch's brooms on oak trees in California, Arizona, and Mexico in North America. [2] [3] Witch's brooms are "abnormal clusters of shoots that are thickened, elongated, and highly branched."
The gall itself is a typical oak apple gall in appearance, roughly spherical and varies from greenish to reddish or orange depending on host, age and environmental conditions. The galls range in size from a 2–14 cm across and often contain multiple larvae as well as parasites and other species that form a mutual relationship by feeding off ...
Atrusca brevipennata, formerly Andricus pellucidus, also known as the little oak-apple gall wasp, is a locally common species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on oak trees in North America. [1] The wasp oviposits on shrub live oak and Gambel oak leaves. [ 1 ]
Acraspis guadaloupensis (also Paracraspis guadaloupensis) is a relatively uncommon species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on intermediate oaks. [1] The intermediate oak disc wasp was first described in 1911 and has been moved between genera more than once. [2] Distribution is limited to California in North America. [3]
Trichoteras coquilletti, formerly Andricus coquilletti, also known as the little oak-apple gall wasp, is a fairly common species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on oak trees in North America. [1] This wasp oviposits on the underside of the leaves of huckleberry oaks and canyon live oaks . [ 1 ]