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A contraceptive patch, also known as "the patch", is a transdermal patch applied to the skin that releases synthetic oestrogen and progestogen hormones to prevent pregnancy. They have been shown to be as effective as the combined oral contraceptive pill with perfect use, and the patch may be more effective in typical use.
MNPs were developed mainly because transdermal patch can deliver smaller size or micronized molecules such as nicotine and birth control which easily diffuse and penetrate the skin, but lack in delivering macro or large size molecules. The 100-1000 μm needles spread across the patch, making sure people will not feel any discomfort from the patch.
Male contraceptives, also known as male birth control, are methods of preventing pregnancy by interrupting the function of sperm. [1] The main forms of male contraception available today are condoms , vasectomy , and withdrawal , which together represented 20% of global contraceptive use in 2019.
The product — which contains testosterone and a synthetic hormone called Nestorone that reduces sperm production — is the most advanced among a crop of novel birth control options for men.
Although no method of birth control is ideal for every user, some methods remain more effective, affordable or intrusive than others. Outlined here are the different types of barrier methods , hormonal methods , various methods including spermicides , emergency contraceptives , and surgical methods [ 1 ] and a comparison between them.
The patch-free interval must not be longer than seven days; otherwise, additional non-hormonal contraceptive methods must be used, such as condoms. [6] Transdermal patches must always be applied on the same day of the week to the buttock, abdomen (belly), upper arm or upper back. [ 6 ]
The first birth control patch, "Ortho Evra" was first introduced in 2002. [51] In 2014, a generic version of Ortho Evra was released and called "Xulane". [ 52 ] In 2020, the FDA approved Twirla, a low-dose transdermal combined hormonal contraceptive.
Estradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate (Femilar) was introduced for use as a birth control pill in Finland in 1993, but was never marketed elsewhere. [235] Subsequently, estradiol valerate/dienogest (Natazia, Qlaira) was marketed as a birth control pill in 2008 [236] and estradiol/nomegestrol acetate (Naemis, Zoely) was introduced in 2012. [128]
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