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where b is the number base (10 for decimal), and p is a prime that does not divide b. (Primes p that give cyclic numbers in base b are called full reptend primes or long primes in base b). For example, the case b = 10, p = 7 gives the cyclic number 142857, and the case b = 12, p = 5 gives the cyclic number 2497.
For any integer coprime to 10, its reciprocal is a repeating decimal without any non-recurring digits. E.g. 1 ⁄ 143 = 0. 006993 006993 006993.... While the expression of a single series with vinculum on top is adequate, the intention of the above expression is to show that the six cyclic permutations of 006993 can be obtained from this repeating decimal if we select six consecutive digits ...
A cyclic number [1] [2] is a natural number n such that n and φ(n) are coprime. Here φ is Euler's totient function. An equivalent definition is that a number n is cyclic if and only if any group of order n is cyclic. [3] Any prime number is clearly cyclic. All cyclic numbers are square-free. [4] Let n = p 1 p 2 …
The cyclic number corresponding to prime p will possess p − 1 digits if and only if p is a full reptend prime. That is, the multiplicative order ord p b = p − 1, which is equivalent to b being a primitive root modulo p. The term "long prime" was used by John Conway and Richard Guy in their Book of Numbers.
A number n is called a cyclic number if Z/nZ is the only group of order n, which is true exactly when gcd(n, φ(n)) = 1. [13] The sequence of cyclic numbers include all primes, but some are composite such as 15. However, all cyclic numbers are odd except 2. The cyclic numbers are:
Goal: to construct a B(2, 4) de Bruijn sequence of length 2 4 = 16 using Eulerian (n − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3) 3-D de Bruijn graph cycle. Each edge in this 3-dimensional de Bruijn graph corresponds to a sequence of four digits: the three digits that label the vertex that the edge is leaving followed by the one that labels the edge.
Furthermore, a class function on is a character of if and only if it can be written as a linear combination of the distinct irreducible characters with non-negative integer coefficients: if is a class function on such that = + + where non-negative integers, then is the character of the direct sum of the representations corresponding to .
142857 is the best-known cyclic number in base 10, being the six repeating digits of 1 / 7 (0. 142857). [2] [3] [4] [5]If 142857 is multiplied by 2, 3, 4, 5 ...