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FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool) is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the 10-year probability of bone fracture risk. It was developed by the University of Sheffield . [ 1 ]
Diagnosis requires genetic testing to determine the number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. [5] Normally, there are between 5 and 40 repeats; fragile X syndrome occurs with more than 200. [1] A premutation is said to be present when the gene has between 55 and 200 repeats; females with a premutation have an increased risk of having an affected ...
Diagnosis: Presentation, family history, genetic testing, and MRI Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder most frequently seen in male premutation carriers of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) over the age of 50.
A person's risk can be measured using the University of Sheffield's FRAX calculator, which includes many different clinical risk factors including prior fragility fracture, use of glucocorticoids, heavy smoking, excess alcohol intake, rheumatoid arthritis, history of parental hip fracture, chronic renal and liver disease, chronic respiratory ...
Recognized calculators include FRAX, [24] the Garvan FRC calculator and QFracture as well as the open access FREM tool. [25] The FRAX tool can also be applied in a modification adapted to routinely collected health data. [26] The term "established osteoporosis" is used when a broken bone due to osteoporosis has occurred. [27]
Race adjustment, also known as race-correction, [1] [2] is the calculating of a result which takes into account race. [1] It is commonly used in medical algorithms in several specialties, including cardiology, nephrology, urology, obstetrics, endocrinology, oncology and respiratory medicine. [1]
The trabecular bone score is a measure of bone texture correlated with bone microarchitecture and a marker for the risk of osteoporosis.Introduced in 2008, [1] its main projected use is alongside measures of bone density in better predicting fracture risk in people with metabolic bone problems.
In addition to the detection of abnormal BMD, the diagnosis of osteoporosis requires investigations into potentially modifiable underlying causes; this may be done with blood tests. Depending on the likelihood of an underlying problem, investigations for cancer with metastasis to the bone, multiple myeloma, Cushing's disease and other above ...