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[4] [5] As time went on, the regime opened up and became closer to developmental dictatorships, although it always preserved residual fascist trappings. [6] [3] During the Second World War, Spain did not join the Axis powers (its supporters from the Civil War, Italy and Germany). Nevertheless, Spain supported them in various ways throughout ...
Falangism (Spanish: Falangismo) was the political ideology of two political parties in Spain that were known as the Falange, namely first the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de las JONS) and afterwards the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS). [1]
The Spanish Falange and the Council of National Syndicalist Offensives were relatively small, and merged into the Spanish Falange de la JONS leading up to the 1936 election. As civil war broke out, the Falange grew rapidly in membership, and the Traditionalist Communion, already a prominent force, mobilized its forces to fight the leftist ...
At the end of the movie La reina de España (The Queen of Spain), Franco, played by Carlos Areces, is spat on in the face by the fictional Macarena Granada (Penélope Cruz), a Spanish Hollywood star who has returned to Spain to film a movie during Franco's reign.
While the Falange was not prepared for such a serious activity at the time, the document was well-publicised and convinced the Spanish Left that fascism was a serious threat in Spain. [20] The Falange also had its own intelligence service, the Servicio de Información del Movimiento [ 21 ] ("Information service of the movement").
After the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany in 1933, fascism in Spain increased; until then, according to Italian historian Gabriele Ranzato, fascism was a niche current and did not take space in public life beyond the half-cooked writings of Ernesto Giménez Caballero and the unpopular Partido Nacionalista Español (Spanish Nationalist Party). [16]
Since definitions of fascism vary, entries in this list may be controversial. For a discussion of the various debates surrounding the nature of fascism, see Fascism and ideology and Definitions of fascism. For a general list of fascist movements, see List of fascist movements. This list has been divided into four sections for reasons of length:
Fascism and the Right in Europe 1919-1945 ( Routledge, 2014). Davies, Peter, and Derek Lynch, eds. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right (Routledge, 2005). excerpt; Davies, Peter J., and Paul Jackson. The far right in Europe: an encyclopedia (Greenwood, 2008). excerpt and list of movements; Eatwell, Roger. 1996. Fascism: A History.