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Although comparable forms of discrimination are found all over the world, untouchability involving the caste system is largely unique to South Asia. [1] [2] [3] The term is most commonly associated with treatment of the Dalit communities in the Indian subcontinent who were considered "polluting".
[72] [73] [74] The specifics of the caste systems have varied in ethnically and culturally diverse Africa; however, the following features are common – it has been a closed system of social stratification, the social status is inherited, the castes are hierarchical, certain castes are shunned while others are merely endogamous and ...
Mahatma Gandhi visiting Madras (now Chennai) in 1933 on an India-wide tour for Dalit (he used Harijan) causes. His writings, and speeches during such tours, discussed the discriminated-against castes of India. The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic instance of social classification based on castes.
Nuns from a group of Dalit Christians, or India's lowest caste who converted to Christianity, protest in New Delhi. AP Photo/Gurinder OsanThe California State University system, America’s ...
Tribal casteism encompasses South Asian practices of social marginalisation within tribes. These practices are often overlooked by scholars and the media because of a colonial legacy that employed orientalist empiricism [ 1 ] to construct tribes as egalitarian and structurally opposite to Hindu caste society . [ 2 ]
Then there are those castes of captive, slave or serf ancestry: the Maccuɗo, Rimmayɓe, Dimaajo, and less often Ɓaleeɓe, the Fulani equivalent of the Tuareg Ikelan known as Bouzou (Buzu)/Bella in the Hausa and Songhay languages respectively. [93] [94] The Fulani castes are endogamous in nature, meaning individuals marry only within their caste.
The caste system is among the world's oldest forms of rigid social stratification. It dates back thousands of years and allows many privileges to upper castes but represses lower castes.
After independence, this area-based framework was largely retained, as socio-economic disabilities were seen as regionally rooted by social structure. [63] Although the intra-state area restrictions removed by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. But the inter-state area restrictions is in force.