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A hitchhiker mutation (or passenger mutation in cancer biology) may itself be neutral, advantageous, or deleterious. [ 7 ] Recombination can interrupt the process of genetic hitchhiking, ending it before the hitchhiking neutral or deleterious allele becomes fixed or goes extinct. [ 6 ]
Reactivity is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals alter their performance or behavior due to the awareness that they are being observed. [1] The change may be positive or negative, and depends on the situation. It is a significant threat to a research study's external validity and is typically controlled for using blind experiment designs.
Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background ...
Although there are some variations, the traditional minimal group study consists of two phases. In the first phase, participants are randomly and anonymously divided into two groups (e.g., "Group A" and "Group B"), ostensibly on the basis of trivial criteria (e.g., preference for paintings or the toss of a coin).
"THE CAT" is a classic example of context effect. We have little trouble reading "H" and "A" in their appropriate contexts, even though they take on the same form in each word . A context effect is an aspect of cognitive psychology that describes the influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus. [ 1 ]
Asch hypothesized that the reason for the primacy effect in impression formation is that the first traits learned produce the general direction in which an impression will be formed. After that, all subsequent traits are interpreted in a way that coincides with this established trend. [14] The primacy effect can also be explained in terms of ...
Common demand characteristics include: Rumors of the study – any information, true or false, circulated about the experiment outside of the experiment itself.; Setting of the laboratory – the location where the experiment is being performed, if it is significant.
The term instinctive drift was coined by married couple Keller and Marian Breland Bailey, former psychology graduate students of B.F. Skinner at the University of Minnesota. Keller and Marian were recruited to work with B.F. Skinner on a project to train pigeons to pilot bombs towards targets to aid with World War II efforts. [ 3 ]