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The Leipzig–Jakarta list became available in 2009. [1] The word list is named after the cities of Leipzig, Germany, and Jakarta, Indonesia, the places where the list was conceived and created. In the 1950s, the linguist Morris Swadesh published a list of 200 words called the Swadesh list, allegedly the 200 lexical concepts found in all ...
The Dolgopolsky list is a word list compiled by Aharon Dolgopolsky in 1964 based on a study of 140 languages from across Eurasia. [1] It lists the 15 lexical items that he found have the most semantic stability, i.e. the 15 words least likely to be replaced.
Blasi et al. (2016), [5] Joo (2020), [6] and Johansson et al. (2020) [7] demonstrated that in the languages around the world, certain concepts in the basic vocabulary (such as the Swadesh list or the Leipzig-Jakarta list) tend to be represented by words containing certain sounds. Below are some of the phonosemantic associations confirmed by the ...
In my very lon experience, this list may have as many advantages as more shortcomings against the Swadesh list, in particular regarding the unambiguousness needed in glottochronology, e.g. "breast", which is extremely vage defined in many languages. HJJHolm 06:44, 9 February 2014 (UTC)
A General Service List of English Words — roughly 2,000 of the most common English words; Dolgopolsky list — the 15 words that change least as languages evolve; Leipzig–Jakarta list — 100 words resistant to borrowing, used to estimate chronological separation of languages, intended to improve on the Swadesh list
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
The Global Lexicostatistical Database includes basic word lists of 110 items each for many of the world's languages. [10] The 110-word list is a modified 100-item Swadesh list consisting of the original 100 Swadesh list items, in addition to the following 10 additional words from the Swadesh–Yakhontov list:
The process makes use of a list of lexical terms and morphemes which are similar to multiple languages. Lists were compiled by Morris Swadesh and assumed to be resistant against borrowing (originally designed in 1952 as a list of 200 items (see, but the refined 100-word list in Swadesh (1955) [6] is much more common among modern day linguists).