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In the early 1970s, companies began to separate out software maintenance with its own team of engineers to free up software development teams from support tasks. [1] In 1972, R. G. Canning published "The Maintenance 'Iceberg '", in which he contended that software maintenance was an extension of software development with an additional input: the existing system. [1]
The FRACAS process is a closed loop with the following steps: Failure Reporting (FR). The failures and the faults related to a system, a piece of equipment, a piece of software or a process are formally reported through a standard form (Defect Report, Failure Report). Analysis (A). Perform analysis in order to identify the root cause of failure.
The steps of corrective maintenance are, following failure, diagnosis – elimination of the part, causing the failure – ordering the replacement – replacement of the part – test of function and finally the continuation of use. The basic form of corrective maintenance is a step-by-step procedure. The object's failure triggers the steps.
Corrective and preventive action (CAPA or simply corrective action) consists of improvements to an organization's processes taken to eliminate causes of non-conformities or other undesirable situations. It is usually a set of actions, laws or regulations required by an organization to take in manufacturing, documentation, procedures, or systems ...
Four categories of software were then catalogued by Lientz and Swanson (1980). [5] These have since been updated and normalized internationally in the ISO/IEC 14764:2006: [6] Corrective maintenance: Reactive modification of a software product performed after delivery to correct discovered problems;
Program comprehension (also program understanding or [source] code comprehension) is a domain of computer science concerned with the ways software engineers maintain existing source code. The cognitive and other processes involved are identified and studied. [1] The results are used to develop tools and training. [2]
ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 Systems and software engineering – Software life cycle processes [1] is an international standard for software lifecycle processes. First introduced in 1995, it aims to be a primary standard that defines all the processes required for developing and maintaining software systems, including the outcomes and/or activities of each process.
Any unexpected or undesirable behavior is a symptom. Troubleshooting is the process of isolating the specific cause or causes of the symptom. Frequently the symptom is a failure of the product or process to produce any results. (Nothing was printed, for example). Corrective action can then be taken to prevent further failures of a similar kind.