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Dysesthesia, along with polyneuropathy can be a symptom of nerve damage caused by Lyme disease. [4] The dysesthetic sensations continue after the successful antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease. Dysesthesia is a common symptom of a withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs. Dysesthesia is also a common symptom of multiple sclerosis. It is an ...
Diabetic foot infection is any infection of the foot in a diabetic person. [2] The most frequent cause of hospitalization for diabetic patients is due to foot infections. [3] Symptoms may include pus from a wound, redness, swelling, pain, warmth, tachycardia, or tachypnea. [4]
Diabetic foot ulcer is a breakdown of the skin and sometimes deeper tissues of the foot that leads to sore formation. It is thought to occur due to abnormal pressure or mechanical stress chronically applied to the foot, usually with concomitant predisposing conditions such as peripheral sensory neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease. [1]
Diabetes most commonly causes damage to the long nerves that supply the feet and lower legs, causing numbness, tingling and pain (diabetic polyneuropathy). Although these symptoms may also be present, the pain and weakness of proximal diabetic neuropathy often onset more quickly and affect nerves closer to the torso. [citation needed]
Moreover, foot surgery is well tolerated without anaesthesia. [2] The feet's insensivity to pain can easily be established by 512 mN quantitative pinprick stimulation. [3] In diabetes, peripheral nerve dysfunction can be combined with peripheral artery disease (PAD) causing poor blood circulation to the extremities (diabetic angiopathy). [4]
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be diagnosed with a history and physical examination. The diagnosis is considered in people who develop pain or numbness in a leg or foot with a history of diabetes. Muscle weakness, pain, balance loss, and lower limb dysfunction are the most common clinical manifestations. [7]
Foot of an 80-year old individual with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. The second toe has a large ischaemic ulcer. The first toe has a small one. The prevalence of arterial insufficiency ulcers among people with Diabetes is high due to decreased blood flow caused by the thinning of arteries and the lack of sensation due to diabetic neuropathy.
Because diabetes affects the capillaries, the small blood vessels which feed the skin, thickening of the skin with callus increases the difficulty of supplying nutrients to the skin. [11] Callus formation is seen in high numbers of patients with diabetes, and together with absent foot pulses and formation of hammer toe , [ 12 ] [ 13 ] this may ...