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A directory is a logical section of a file system used to hold files. Directories may also contain other directories. The cd command can be used to change into a subdirectory, move back into the parent directory, move all the way back to the root directory or move to any given directory.
Subdirectories are implemented by storing the name of the subdirectory in the name field, and the inode number of the subdirectory in the inode field. Hard links are implemented by storing the same inode number with more than one file name. Accessing the file by either name results in the same inode number, and therefore the same data.
The hierarchical file system was used instead of simply expanding the flat directory for performance reasons. "A flat DOS file structure with a single directory and 10 times as many files would logically require 10 times as long to search." [2] OS/2 and Windows also support a hierarchical file system, using the same path syntax as DOS.
Btrfs – Extent-based copy-on-write (COW) file system for Linux; EFS – Extent File System – SGI's first-generation file system for IRIX; ext4 – Linux file system (when the configuration enables extents – the default in Linux since version 2.6.23) Files-11 – OpenVMS file system; HFS and HFS Plus – Hierarchical File System – Apple ...
In a hierarchical file system (that is, one in which files and directories are organized in a manner that resembles a tree), a directory contained inside another directory is called a subdirectory. The terms parent and child are often used to describe the relationship between a subdirectory and the directory in which it is cataloged, the latter ...
Using mv requires the user to have write permission for the directories the file will move between. This is because mv changes the content of both directories (i.e., the source and the target) involved in the move. When using the mv command on files located on the same filesystem, the file's timestamp is not updated.
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the desired file in the source directory is dragged to the destination folder; With the NeXT operating systems, in addition to moving files by dragging them from window to window, the following method can be used: the user navigates to the source directory; the file is dragged to the Shelf; the user navigates to the destination directory