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An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. [2] For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature . [ 3 ]
The first machines to produce electric current from magnetism used permanent magnets; the dynamo machine, which used an electromagnet to produce the magnetic field, was developed later. The machine built by Hippolyte Pixii in 1832 used a rotating permanent magnet to induce alternating voltage in two fixed coils.
Alternator of 1930s diesel generating set, with excitation dynamo above. For large, or older, generators, it is usual for a separate exciter dynamo to be powered in parallel with the main power generator. This is a small permanent-magnet or battery-excited dynamo that produces the field current for the larger generator.
The word armature was first used in its electrical sense, i.e. keeper of a magnet, in mid 19th century. [3] The parts of an alternator or related equipment can be expressed in either mechanical terms or electrical terms. Although distinctly separate these two sets of terminology are frequently used interchangeably or in combinations that ...
Magnetostriction applies to magnetic fields, while electrostriction applies to electric fields. Magnetostriction causes energy loss due to frictional heating in susceptible ferromagnetic cores, and is also responsible for the low-pitched humming sound that can be heard coming from transformers, where alternating currents produce a changing ...
An alternator rotor is made up of a wire coil enveloped around an iron core. [12] The magnetic component of the rotor is made from steel laminations to aid stamping conductor slots to specific shapes and sizes. As currents travel through the wire coil a magnetic field is created around the core, which is referred to as field current. [1]
alternator An electrical machine that converts mechanical power into AC electric power. alternator synchronization The process of synchronizing an alternator to a grid or another alternator. aluminium smelting Reduction of aluminium ore to metal, by use of large amounts of electric power. ammeter An instrument that measures electric current.
The design of revolving armature generators is to have the armature part on a rotor and the magnetic field part on stator. A basic design, called elementary generator, [3] is to have a rectangular loop armature to cut the lines of force between the north and south poles. By cutting lines of force through rotation, it produces electric current.