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Fat removal procedures are used mostly in cosmetic surgery with the intention of removing unwanted adipose tissue. The procedure may be invasive, as with liposuction , [ 1 ] or noninvasive using laser therapy , radiofrequency , ultrasound or cold ( cryoablation or cryolipolysis) to reduce fat, sometimes in combination with injections.
Fat necrosis may result from various injuries to adipose tissue, including: physical trauma, enzymatic digestion of adipocytes by lipases, [3] radiation therapy, [4] hypoxia, or inflammation of subcutaneous fat (panniculitis). The gross appearance of fat necrosis is as an irregular, chalky white area within otherwise normal adipose tissue. [1]
Benign calcification in breast, at high magnification. In most cases, calcification and cysts are the biggest threat of breast augmentation surgery. Fat stem cells that fail to pick up a new blood supply will die and be removed from the body by immune cells. However, if they are missed, the cluster will lead to calcification and cyst formation.
The larger the surgical intervention, the more likely that seromas form. Early or improper removal of sutures can sometimes lead to formation of seroma or discharge of serous fluid from operative areas. Seromas can also sometimes be caused by injury, such as when the initial swelling from a blow or fall does not fully subside.
Dystrophic calcinosis cutis is the most prevalent kind of calcification on the skin. [2] The ectopic calcified mass usually consists of amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. [6] Dystrophic calcification is linked to a number of illnesses, such as infections, hereditary diseases, cutaneous neoplasms, and connective tissue diseases. [7]
Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage, [ 1 ] including as a consequence of medical device implantation.
A skin biopsy and the clinical presentation must both be taken into account for the most accurate diagnosis. [11] But in order to prevent skin biopsy, ultrasonography examination has been shown to be useful in identifying the newborn's subcutaneous fat necrosis when combined with Doppler blood flow analysis; this usually indicates a subcutaneous high echo signal, either with or without ...
Mesotherapy (from Greek mesos, "middle", and therapy from Greek therapeia) is a form of alternative medicine which involves intradermal or subcutaneous injections of pharmaceutical preparations, enzymes, hormones, plant extracts, vitamins, and/or other ingredients such as hyaluronic acid. It has no proven clinical efficacy and poor scientific ...