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Augustus Edward Hough Love predicted the existence of Love waves mathematically in 1911. They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave). Love waves travel with a lower velocity than P- or S- waves, but faster than Rayleigh ...
Rayleigh waves are generated by the interaction of P- and S- waves at the surface of the earth, and travel with a velocity that is lower than the P-, S-, and Love wave velocities. Rayleigh waves emanating outward from the epicenter of an earthquake travel along the surface of the earth at about 10 times the speed of sound in air (0.340 km/s ...
Since Rayleigh waves are composed of P and S-waves and Love waves are composed of only S waves, Haskell derived the elastic wave equations for both P and S-waves. These equations were modified to show Rayleigh wave motion. After assuming a free surface boundary where no stresses or strains cross, the Rayleigh wave equation is simplified.
Surface waves, in this mechanical sense, are commonly known as either Love waves (L waves) or Rayleigh waves. A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the Earth, often as the result of an earthquake or explosion.
Love waves are horizontally polarized shear waves (SH waves), existing only in the presence of a layered medium. [9] They are named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, a British mathematician who created a mathematical model of the waves in 1911. [10] They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, about 90% of the S wave velocity.
Both Rayleigh and Love waves can be used. The low frequency waves lead to low resolution models, therefore these models have difficulty with crustal structure. Free oscillations , or normal mode seismology , are the long wavelength, low frequency movements of the surface of the Earth which can be thought of as a type of surface wave.
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Seismic noise includes a small number of body waves (P and S waves), but surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves) predominate since they are preferentially excited by surface source processes. These waves are dispersive , meaning that their phase velocity varies with frequency (generally, it decreases with increasing frequency).