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2. Flat roof - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_roof

   A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately 10°. [1] Flat roofs are an ancient form mostly used in arid climates and allow the roof space to be used as a living space or a living roof. Flat roofs, or "low ...

3. Rain gutter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_gutter

   The water drains into a gutter that is fed into a downpipe. A flat roof should have a watertight surface with a minimum finished fall of 1 in 80. They can drain internally or to an eaves gutter, which has a minimum 1 in 360 fall towards the downpipe. [11] The pitch of a pitched roof is determined by the construction material of the covering ...

4. Cricket (roofing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_(roofing)

   In some cases, a cricket can be used to transition from one roof area to another. On low-slope and flat roofs with parapet walls, crickets are commonly used to divert water to the drainage, against or perpendicular to the main roof slope. The pitch of a cricket is sometimes the same as the rest of the roof, but not always. For Steep-slope roofs ...

5. Ponding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponding

   Most flat roof systems (properly called "low-slope roof systems") are designed with a slight pitch to shed water off the sides, usually into gutters, scuppers, internal drains, or a combination of these. [5] When a scupper or drain is clogged or fails for other reasons, storm water tends to pool around that low area.

6. Leader head - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_Head

   These elements, as are the other roof drainage system components, gutters, scuppers [3] [4] or downspouts, have to be sized to perform well, according to the amount of precipitation that they are intended to help alleviate. Leader heads can also receive water from scuppers, which are used predominantly through flat roofs’ parapets.

7. Building envelope - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope

   One of the main purposes of a roof is to resist water. Two broad categories of roofs are flat and pitched. Flat roofs actually slope up to 10° or 15° but are built to resist intrusion from standing water. Pitched roofs are designed to shed water but not resist standing water intrusion which can occur during wind-driven rain or ice damming ...