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Reader (or principal lecturer in some post-1992 institutions [6]) Senior lecturer (not all universities have this title [7]) Lecturer or clinical lecturer: this is largely equivalent to an 'Assistant Professor' rank at a US university; Assistant lecturer, demonstrator, seminar leader, associate lecturer, graduate teaching assistant
Professor positions are clearly separated from other junior faculty positions such as, in seniority order: senior lecturer (grade I) (usually PhD and 6+ years service), senior lecturer (grade II) (usually a PhD and 2+ years service), lecturer (usually with PhD), lecturer (probationary), Temporary lecturer.
Honorary titles (professor, reader, lecturer) in academia may be conferred on persons in recognition of contributions by a non-employee or by an employee beyond regular duties. This practice primarily exists in the UK and Germany , as well as in many of the universities and colleges of the United States , Australia , Hong Kong , Taiwan, China ...
Traditionally, Assistant Professor has been the usual entry-level rank for faculty on the "tenure track", although this depends on the institution and the field.Then, promotion to the rank of Associate Professor and later Professor (informally, "Full Professor") indicates that significant work has been done in research, teaching and institutional service.
Either way, a literature review provides the researcher/author and the audiences with general information of an existing knowledge of a particular topic. A good literature review has a proper research question, a proper theoretical framework, and/or a chosen research methodology. It serves to situate the current study within the body of the ...
In the UK, the term lecturer is ambiguous and covers several academic ranks. The key distinction is between permanent/open-ended or temporary/fixed-term lectureships. A permanent lecturer in UK universities usually holds an open-ended position that covers teaching, research, and administrative responsibilities.
The term "professors" in the United States refers to a group of educators at the college and university level.In the United States, while "Professor" as a proper noun (with a capital "P") generally implies a position title officially bestowed by a university or college to faculty members with a PhD or the highest level terminal degree in a non-academic field (e.g., MFA, MLIS), [citation needed ...
Senior lecturer is an academic rank. [1] In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Switzerland, Germany, and Israel senior lecturer is a faculty position at a university or similar institution. The position is tenured (in systems with this concept) and is roughly equivalent to an associate professor in the North American system.