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Ototoxicity-induced hearing loss typically impacts the high frequency range, affecting above 8000 Hz prior to impacting frequencies below. [8] There is not global consensus on measuring severity of ototoxicity-induced hearing loss as there are many criteria available to define and measure ototoxicity-induced hearing loss.
An example is sodium thiosulfate, which the US FDA approved in 2022 to minimise the risk of ototoxicity and hearing loss in newborn, child, and adolescent cancer patients receiving cisplatin. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] Other agents being investigated for their potential to reduce ototoxicity include D-methionine and L-N-acetylcysteine . [ 3 ]
Cisplatin is administered intravenously as short-term infusion in normal saline for treatment of solid and haematological malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas (e.g., small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and ovarian cancer), lymphomas, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, [9] and germ cell tumors.
As most chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells in this manner, defective apoptosis allows survival of these cells, making them resistant. Many chemotherapy drugs also cause DNA damage, which can be repaired by enzymes in the cell that carry out DNA repair. Upregulation of these genes can overcome the DNA damage and prevent the induction of apoptosis.
The most frequent type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid carcinoma, which accounts for more than 80% of cases. [3] Endometrial cancer is commonly diagnosed by endometrial biopsy or by taking samples during a procedure known as dilation and curettage. [1] A pap smear is not typically sufficient to show endometrial cancer. [4]
Endometrial cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women in the U.S. In 2022, it affected more than 66,000 patients and was responsible for nearly 12,000 fatalities.
Ovarian cancer, lung cancer and squamous cell head and neck cancer: Myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting (30-90%), peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, anaphylaxis, acute kidney failure (rare), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (rare) and loss of vision (rare). Cisplatin: IV: Reacts with DNA, inducing apoptosis, non-cell cycle specific.
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