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Wave speed is a wave property, which may refer to absolute value of: phase velocity , the velocity at which a wave phase propagates at a certain frequency group velocity , the propagation velocity for the envelope of wave groups and often of wave energy, different from the phase velocity for dispersive waves
Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred to as "light", EM, EMR, or electromagnetic waves. [2] The position of an electromagnetic wave within the electromagnetic spectrum can be characterized by either its frequency of oscillation or its wavelength. Electromagnetic waves of different frequency are called by different names since they have ...
For example, a wavenumber in inverse centimeters can be converted to a frequency expressed in the unit gigahertz by multiplying by 29.979 2458 cm/ns (the speed of light, in centimeters per nanosecond); [5] conversely, an electromagnetic wave at 29.9792458 GHz has a wavelength of 1 cm in free space.
For example, many hydrogen atoms emit a radio wave photon that has a wavelength of 21.12 cm. Also, frequencies of 30 Hz and below can be produced by and are important in the study of certain stellar nebulae [4] and frequencies as high as 2.9 × 10 27 Hz have been detected from astrophysical sources. [5]
The phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave in such a medium is = = + For the case of an Alfvén wave = + where is the Alfvén wave group velocity. (The formula for the phase velocity assumes that the plasma particles are moving at non-relativistic speeds, the mass-weighted particle velocity is zero in the frame of reference, and the wave is ...
The parameter defines the amplitude of the wave (that is, the maximum sound pressure in the bore, which is related to the loudness of the note); is the speed of sound; is the length of the bore; and is a positive integer (1,2,3,...) that specifies the number of nodes in the standing wave.
For an incident wave traveling from one medium (where the wave speed is c 1) to another medium (where the wave speed is c 2), one part of the wave will transmit into the second medium, while another part reflects back into the other direction and stays in the first medium. The amplitude of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave can be ...
The relevant wave speed in the discussion above is the phase velocity of the wave. This is typically close to the group velocity which can be seen as the truer speed of a wave, but when they differ it is important to use the phase velocity in all calculations relating to refraction.
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