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Example of shuffling five letters using Durstenfeld's in-place version of the Fisher–Yates shuffle The Fisher–Yates shuffle is an algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence . The algorithm takes a list of all the elements of the sequence, and continually determines the next element in the shuffled sequence by randomly drawing an element from ...
A simple algorithm to generate a permutation of n items uniformly at random without retries, known as the Fisher–Yates shuffle, is to start with any permutation (for example, the identity permutation), and then go through the positions 0 through n − 2 (we use a convention where the first element has index 0, and the last element has index n − 1), and for each position i swap the element ...
To modify the first example to shuffle a Tarot deck, which has 78 cards, a programmer might naively replace every instance of 52 in the program with 78. This would cause two problems. First, it would miss the value 53 on the second line of the example, which would cause the algorithm to fail in a subtle way.
In the mathematics of permutations and the study of shuffling playing cards, a riffle shuffle permutation is one of the permutations of a set of items that can be obtained by a single riffle shuffle, in which a sorted deck of cards is cut into two packets and then the two packets are interleaved (e.g. by moving cards one at a time from the bottom of one or the other of the packets to the top ...
The Knuth shuffle example was intended to show the "inside-out" variant where initialization of the array is combined with the shuffle, rather than a pure shuffle of an existing array (which got broken by the 2014/11/30 edit).
The shuffle product of words of lengths m and n is a sum over the (m+n)! / m!n! ways of interleaving the two words, as shown in the following examples: ab ⧢ xy = abxy + axby + xaby + axyb + xayb + xyab
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The shuffle sort [6] is a variant of bucket sort that begins by removing the first 1/8 of the n items to be sorted, sorts them recursively, and puts them in an array. This creates n/8 "buckets" to which the remaining 7/8 of the items are distributed. Each "bucket" is then sorted, and the "buckets" are concatenated into a sorted array.