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A USB hub is a device that expands a single Universal Serial Bus (USB) port into several so that there are more ports available to connect devices to a host system, similar to a power strip. All devices connected through a USB hub share the bandwidth available to that hub.
A USB connection is always between an A end, either a host or a downstream port of a hub, and a B end, either a peripheral device or the upstream port of a hub. Historically this was made clear by the fact that hosts had only Type-A and peripheral devices had only Type-B ports, and every compatible cable had one Type-A plug and one Type-B plug.
Comparison of legacy USB connector plugs, omitting the current standard Type-C plugs. Unlike other data buses (such as Ethernet), USB connections are directed; a host device has "downstream" facing ports that connect to the "upstream" facing ports of devices.
The written USB 3.0 specification was released by Intel and its partners in August 2008. The first USB 3.0 controller chips were sampled by NEC in May 2009, [4] and the first products using the USB 3.0 specification arrived in January 2010. [5] USB 3.0 connectors are generally backward compatible, but include new wiring and full-duplex operation.
USB4 hubs and docks are defined as their own category of USB4 devices that include further requirements. For example, a USB4 hub must also serve as a classic USB 3.2 hub with DP Alternative Mode passthrough with hosts that do not support USB4 connections. See USB4 capabilities by device type for more details.
Ethernet over USB is the use of a USB link as a part of an Ethernet network, resulting in an Ethernet connection over USB (instead of e.g. PCI or PCIe). USB over Ethernet (also called USB over Network or USB over IP) is a system to share USB-based devices over Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or the Internet, allowing access to devices over a network. It can ...
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