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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a particular disease within the NMOSD spectrum. It is characterised by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. In more than 80% of NMO cases, the cause is immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 ( anti-AQP4 ), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system.
This last requirement makes MS an ill-defined entity, whose borders change every time that a new disease is set apart. Some cases previously considered MS are now considered distinct conditions, like Neuromyelitis optica or antiMOG associated encephalomyelitis. Because of the requirement of distributed lesions, a single lesion (RIS) is not ...
Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
Uhthoff's phenomenon may affect any person with a demyelinating disease. [1] This is most commonly MS, but it may also occur with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder [1] [3] or Guillain-Barré Syndrome. It affects between 60% and 80% of people with MS. [1] [3]
Standard multiple sclerosis, the most known and extended variant. Devic's disease and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (sometimes previously called optic-spinal MS) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or ADEM, a closely related disorder in which a known virus or vaccine triggers autoimmunity against myelin.
In neuromyelitis optica higher AQP4 autoantibody levels are associated with the occurrence of optic neuritis. [ 16 ] Less common causes are: papilledema , brain tumor or abscess in the occipital region, cerebral trauma or hemorrhage , meningitis , arachnoidal adhesions, sinus thrombosis, liver dysfunction , or late stage kidney disease .
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