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Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [ 1 ]
Infant undergoing bili light therapy in a United States maternity ward. A bili light [1] [2] is a light therapy tool to treat newborn jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia).High levels of bilirubin can cause brain damage (kernicterus), leading to cerebral palsy, auditory neuropathy, gaze abnormalities and dental enamel hypoplasia.
Management consists of vigilant observation over days to detect progression and, if required, manage complications (e.g. hemorrhagic shock, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice from hemolyzed red blood cells). The subgaleal space is capable of holding up to 40% of a newborn baby's blood and can therefore result in acute shock and death.
Treatment for neonatal jaundice is significantly cheaper than the cost of lifelong care, doctors say. First launched in Vietnam in 2019, Project Oscar has helped about 150,000 children in the ...
In 1968, Dr. Jerold Lucey demonstrated that hyperbilirubinemia of prematurity (a form of neonatal jaundice) could be successfully treated through exposure to artificial blue light. [9] This led to widespread use of phototherapy, which has now become a mainstay of treatment of neonatal jaundice. [10]
It has also been found that tin mesoporphyrin can aid in the prevention of neonatal jaundice. When administered to pre-discharge newborns who were at risk for neonatal jaundice the results showed a decrease in total biliverdin load, the possibility of postnatal bilirubin progression, as well as the use and duration of phototherapy. [11]
Transient neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions occurring in newborns (children under 28 days of age) with more than 80 per cent experienceing jaundice during their first week of life. [53] Jaundice in infants, as in adults, is characterized by increased bilirubin levels (infants: total serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dL).
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN) is a condition where the passage of maternal antibodies results in the hemolysis of fetal/neonatal red cells. The antibodies can be naturally occurring such as anti-A, and anti-B, or immune antibodies developed following a sensitizing event. [ 11 ]
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