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The Life Orientation Test (LOT) was designed by Scheier and Carver (1985) [full citation needed] to assess dispositional optimism – expecting positive or negative outcomes. [21] It is one of the more popular tests of optimism and pessimism. It was often used in early studies examining these dispositions' effects in health-related domains. [29]
The Life Orientation Inventory (LOI) is a self-report measure that comes in both a 30 question and 110 question form. Both forms use a 4-point Likert scale to answer items, which are divided into six sub-scales on the longer form: self-esteem vulnerability, over-investment, overdetermined misery, affective domination, alienation, and suicide ...
Psychological and emotional well-being can be measured through Satisfaction With Life Scale [SWLS], Life Orientation Test-Revised [LOT-R], reports of positive emotion, and resilience measures. Further development of life skills can be measured through increased self-efficacy, and interpersonal skills, improved decision-making and problem-solving.
Physical Education, physical exercise and training (done on a separate basis but eventually forms part of the Life Orientation mark). Religious Education, as mandated by the South African Schools Act, students may request to be exempted from classes about specific religions (i.e., Bible Studies). Those who do so remain obligated to attend the ...
Orientation is a function of the mind involving awareness of three dimensions: time, place and person. [1] Problems with orientation lead to dis orientation, and can be due to various conditions. It ranges from an inability to coherently understand person, place, time, and situation, to complete orientation.
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Kobasa described a pattern of personality characteristics that distinguished managers and executives who remained healthy under life stress, as compared to those who developed health problems. In the following years, the concept of hardiness was further elaborated in a book [ 2 ] and a series of research reports by Salvatore Maddi, Kobasa and ...
Cooperative orientation: Cooperators tend to maximize their own outcomes as well as other's outcomes. They prefer strategies that generate win-win situations. When dealing with other people they believe that it is better if everyone comes out even in a situation. Altruistic orientation: altruists are motivated to help other who are in need ...