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Paraformaldehyde can be depolymerized to formaldehyde gas by dry heating [2] and to formaldehyde solution by water in the presence of a base, an acid or heat. The high purity formaldehyde solutions obtained in this way are used as a fixative for microscopy and histology. The resulting formaldehyde gas from dry heating paraformaldehyde is flammable.
A prominent example is the bacterial mesosome, which was thought to be an organelle in gram-positive bacteria in the 1970s, but was later shown by new techniques developed for electron microscopy to be simply an artifact of chemical fixation. [2] [3] Standardization of fixation and other tissue processing procedures takes this introduction of ...
A small amount of stabilizer, such as methanol, is usually added to suppress oxidation and polymerization. A typical commercial-grade formalin may contain 10–12% methanol in addition to various metallic impurities. "Formaldehyde" was first used as a generic trademark in 1893 following a previous trade name, "formalin". [16] Main forms of ...
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
In the laboratory, methyl formate can be produced by the condensation reaction of methanol and formic acid, as follows: . HCOOH + CH 3 OH → HCOOCH 3 + H 2 O. Industrial methyl formate, however, is usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide: [4]
2. Not refrigerating your cookie dough. It might be tempting to get your cookies into the oven as soon as possible so you can, well, eat them sooner. However, ...
In organic synthesis, the Casiraghi formylation is the formation of a salicylaldehyde from a phenol and paraformaldehyde. The reaction requires a strong Brønsted base and a weak Lewis acid, and gives a methanol coproduct: [1] (H 2 CO) 2n + nB + nLA + nHArOH → nHC(=O)ArOH + n[HB][LA:OMe]