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  2. Utilization rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilization_rate

    The first method calculates the number of billable hours divided by the number of hours recorded in a particular time period. For example, if 40 hours of time is recorded in a week but only 30 hours of that was billable, the utilization rate would then be 30 / 40 = 75%.

  3. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. For example, 50% of 40% is: ⁠ 50 / 100 ⁠ × ⁠ 40 / 100 ⁠ = 0.50 × 0.40 = 0.20 = ⁠ 20 / 100 ⁠ = 20%. It is not correct to divide by 100 and use the percent sign at the same time; it would literally imply ...

  4. Confidence interval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval

    The number , whose typical value is close to but not greater than 1, is sometimes given in the form (or as a percentage % ()), where is a small positive number, often 0.05. In many applications, confidence intervals that have exactly the required confidence level are hard to construct, but approximate intervals can be computed.

  5. Failure rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_rate

    The Failures In Time (FIT) rate of a device is the number of failures that can be expected in one billion (10 9) device-hours of operation [17] (e.g. 1,000 devices for 1,000,000 hours, or 1,000,000 devices for 1,000 hours each, or some other combination).

  6. Infinite monkey theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_monkey_theorem

    The probability that 100 randomly typed keys will consist of the first 99 digits of pi (including the separator key), or any other particular sequence of that length, is much lower: (1/90) 100. If the monkey's allotted length of text is infinite, the chance of typing only the digit of pi is 0, which is just as possible (mathematically probable ...

  7. Sampling (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)

    A visual representation of the sampling process. In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

  8. Birthday problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem

    With M = 365 days in a year, the average number of people required to find a pair with the same birthday is n = 1 + Q(M) ≈ 24.61659, somewhat more than 23, the number required for a 50% chance. In the best case, two people will suffice; at worst, the maximum possible number of M + 1 = 366 people is needed; but on average, only 25 people are ...

  9. 97.5th percentile point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/97.5th_percentile_point

    In probability and statistics, the 97.5th percentile point of the standard normal distribution is a number commonly used for statistical calculations. The approximate value of this number is 1.96 , meaning that 95% of the area under a normal curve lies within approximately 1.96 standard deviations of the mean .