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Caesar's cognomen itself became a title; it was promulgated by the Bible, which contains the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's". The title became, from the late first millennium, Kaiser in German and (through Old Church Slavic cěsarĭ ) Tsar or Czar in the Slavic languages .
Statues were set up to "Caesar's Liberty", and to Caesar himself, as "unconquered god." [37] He was accorded a house at public expense which was built like a temple; his image was paraded with those of the gods; [38] his portrait was put on the coins (the first time a living man had appeared on Roman coinage).
The Tribute Money, by Titian (1516), depicts Jesus being shown the tribute penny. "Render unto Caesar" is the beginning of a phrase attributed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels, which reads in full, "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's" (Ἀπόδοτε οὖν τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ).
After his death, Romulus was defined as the god Quirinus, the divine persona of the Roman people. Romulus ascension to heaven and deification as god Quirinus is mentioned in Ovid’s poem Metamorphoses, Book 14 (written shortly before 8 AD). Ovid depicts god Jupiter promising Mars the right to translate his son Romulus to immortality. [18]
Divi filius is a Latin phrase meaning "son of a god", and was a title much used by the emperor Augustus, the grand-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar. Octavian
Quirinus, Sabine god identified with Mars; Romulus, the founder of Rome, was deified as Quirinus after his death. Quirinus was a war god and a god of the Roman people and state, and was assigned a flamen maior; he was one of the Archaic Triad gods. Quiritis, goddess of motherhood. Originally Sabine or pre-Roman, she was later equated with Juno.
Gaius Julius Caesar After his adoption by Julius Caesar on the latter's death in 44 BC, he took Caesar's nomen and cognomen. [6] He was often distinguished by historians from his adoptive father by the addition "Octavianus" ( Latin: [ɔktaːwiˈaːnʊs] ) after the name, denoting that he was a former member of the gens Octavia in conformance ...
The word which was applied to Julius Caesar when he was deified was divus, not the distinct word deus. Thus, Augustus called himself Divi filius, not Dei filius. [30] The line between been god and god-like was at times less than clear to the population at large, and Augustus seems to have been aware of the necessity of keeping the ambiguity. [30]