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Level 1 perspective-taking is defined as the ability to understand that someone else may see things differently and to understand what another person can see in physical space. [6] For example, one could understand that while an object may be obstructing their own view, from where another person is standing they can see a cat in the room.
Empathy is generally described as the ability to take on another person's perspective, to understand, feel, and possibly share and respond to their experience. [1] [2] [3] There are more (sometimes conflicting) definitions of empathy that include but are not limited to social, cognitive, and emotional processes primarily concerned with understanding others.
Egocentric bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective and/or have a different perception of oneself relative to others. [35] The following are forms of egocentric bias: Bias blind spot, the tendency to see oneself as less biased than other people, or to be able to identify more cognitive biases in others than in oneself. [36]
Psychological projection is a defence mechanism of alterity concerning "inside" content mistaken to be coming from the "outside" Other. [1] It forms the basis of empathy by the projection of personal experiences to understand someone else's subjective world. [1]
Role-taking theory (or social perspective taking) is the social-psychological concept that one of the most important factors in facilitating social cognition in children is the growing ability to understand others’ feelings and perspectives, an ability that emerges as a result of general cognitive growth. [1]
The "theory of mind" is described as a theory because the behavior of the other person, such as their statements and expressions, is the only thing being directly observed; no one has direct access to the mind of another, and the existence and nature of the mind must be inferred. [11]
Pain empathy is a specific variety of empathy that involves recognizing and understanding another person's pain. Empathy is the mental ability that allows one person to understand another person's mental and emotional state and how to effectively respond to that person.
Listening for ways someone can reject you. [7] ... Real listening is done with the intent to understand a person's perspective, enjoy a person's company, learn new ...