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Pramocaine (INN and BAN, also known as pramoxine or pramoxine HCl) is a topical anesthetic discovered at Abbott Laboratories in 1953 [1] and used as an antipruritic.During research and development, pramocaine hydrochloride stood out among a series of alkoxy aryl alkamine ethers as an especially good topical local anesthetic agent. [1]
name UK Trade name Concentration (%) Maximum dose (mg/kg) Articaine with adrenaline Bartinest Septanest 4 7 Bupivacaine Marcain 0.25 2.5 Lidocaine 1 3 2 Lidocaine with adrenaline Utilycaine Lignospan Special Xylocaine 1 7 2 Mepivacaine Scandonest 2 1.36 (3 mg per pound), less than 400 mg in adults 3 Prilocaine with Felypressin Citanest 0.5 7 1
Cinchocaine (INN/BAN) or dibucaine is an amide local anesthetic.Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia.
Consistency and viscosity affect the adhesion and retention property of the gel, and are important in ensuring the gel is retained at the site of application and effective delivery of the drug. [ 3 ] The ingredients in topical gel formulation can be broadly categorized into four types: gelator, solvent, drug, and excipients.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery. [1] [2] It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for. [2]
Oxymetazoline, sold under the brand name Afrin among others, is a topical decongestant and vasoconstrictor medication. It is available over-the-counter as a nasal spray to treat nasal congestion and nosebleeds, as eye drops to treat eye redness due to minor irritation, and (in the United States) as a prescription topical cream to treat persistent facial redness due to rosacea in adults.
Silver sulfadiazine, sold under the brand Silvadene among others, is a topical antibiotic used in partial thickness and full thickness burns to prevent infection. [1] Tentative evidence has found other antibiotics to be more effective, and therefore it is no longer generally recommended for second-degree (partial-thickness) burns, but is still ...