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Skeletal formulae of 1-hydroxy-2()-pyridinethione and its tautomer. The hydroxyl radical, • HO, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (HO –).Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry.
Demonstration model of a direct methanol fuel cell (black layered cube) in its enclosure Scheme of a proton-conducting fuel cell. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) [1] into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. [2]
SOEC 60 cell stack. A solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) is a solid oxide fuel cell that runs in regenerative mode to achieve the electrolysis of water (and/or carbon dioxide) [1] by using a solid oxide, or ceramic, electrolyte to produce hydrogen gas [2] (and/or carbon monoxide) and oxygen.
Scheme of a solid-oxide fuel cell. A solid oxide fuel cell (or SOFC) is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel. Fuel cells are characterized by their electrolyte material; the SOFC has a solid oxide or ceramic electrolyte.
F is the Faraday constant (the charge per mole of electrons), equal to 96,485.3 coulomb·mol −1; p 0 is the standard pressure: 1 bar = 10 5 Pa; Note: as the system is at chemical equilibrium, hydrogen gas, H 2 (g), is also in equilibrium with dissolved hydrogen, H 2 (aq), and the Nernst equation implicitly takes into account the Henry's law for
The Tafel equation was first deduced experimentally and was later shown to have a theoretical justification. The equation is named after Swiss chemist Julius Tafel . It describes how the electrical current through an electrode depends on the voltage difference between the electrode and the bulk electrolyte for a simple, unimolecular redox reaction.
Since hydrogen can be used as an alternative clean burning fuel, there has been a need to split water efficiently. However, there are known materials that can mediate the reduction step efficiently therefore much of the current research is aimed at the oxidation half reaction also known as the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER).
Thus, these compounds form a homologous series with chemical formula H 2 O n in which the members differ by a constant relative molecular mass of 16 (the mass of each additional oxygen atom). The number of oxygen atoms is used to define the size of the hydrogen polyoxide (e.g., hydrogen pentoxide contains a five-oxygen backbone).